Amazon’s face ID tool wrongly identifies 28 US Congress members as police suspects

A facial recognition tool that Amazon.com Inc sells to web developers wrongly identified 28 members of the US Congress as police suspects, in a test conducted by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), the organization said on Thursday.

Amazon, in a response, said it took issue with the settings of its face ID tool during the test. The findings nonetheless highlight the risks that individuals could face if police use the technology in certain ways to catch criminals.

Since May, the ACLU and other civil rights groups have pressured Amazon to stop selling governments access to Rekognition, a powerful image ID software unveiled in 2016 by the company's cloud-computing division.

The groups cited use of Rekognition by law enforcement in Oregon and Florida and warned that the tool could be used to target immigrants and people of colour unfairly.

Their activism has kicked off a public debate. The president of Microsoft Corp, Amazon's rival which also uses facial recognition technology, called on Congress earlier this month to study possible regulations.

On Thursday, three Democrats who were identified in the ACLU test - Senator Edward Markey, Representative Luis Gutiérrez and Representative Mark DeSaulnier - sent a letter to Jeff Bezos, Amazon's chief executive, expressing concern and inquiring about the tool's accuracy and use by law enforcement.

Facial recognition is already widely used in China for police purposes, and a number of start-up companies there - some valued at billions of dollars - are aggressively pursuing the technology.

Amazon has touted a range of uses for Rekognition, from detecting offensive content online to identifying celebrities.

"We remain excited about how image and video analysis can be a driver for good in the world," a spokeswoman for Amazon Web Services said in a statement, citing its help finding lost children and preventing crimes. She said Rekognition was normally used to narrow the field for human review, not to make final decisions.

The ACLU said it paid just $12.33 to have Amazon Rekognition compare official photos of every member of the U.S. House and Senate against a database of 25,000 public arrest photos.

The technology found "matches" for 28 members of Congress with at least 80 percent confidence, Amazon's default setting, the ACLU said.

These matches were disproportionately people of color, according to the ACLU. Some 39 percent were African-American and Latino lawmakers, versus 20 percent who identify as a person of color in Congress, the ACLU said. It added that Rekognition could exacerbate harm because people of color are already targeted at an above-average rate by the police.

"Face surveillance is flawed, and it's biased, and it's dangerous," Jacob Snow, an attorney at the ACLU of Northern California, told Reuters.

Amazon's spokeswoman said the 80 percent confidence setting was appropriate for identifying objects, not individuals. The company guides customers to set a threshold of 95 percent or higher for law enforcement activities, she said.