Apple push to clean up supply chain gained momentum in 2017

Apple Inc. touted major improvements in labour and environmental practices across its vast global supply chain in 2017, as the world's most valuable company pressured factories to modernise and train workers on their rights.

The iPhone maker's audit of 756 facilities in 2017 produced a 35 percent increase in suppliers classified as high-performing for their adherence to its code of conduct, according to Apple's 2018 progress report. More than 3 million workers were trained on their rights last year.

Apple has been criticised for years over its supply chain, a collection of hundreds of companies making components and assembling iPhones, iPads and MacBooks. Workers at a Catcher Technology Co. plant in China told Bloomberg News this year how they had to stand for up to 10 hours a day in hot workshops slicing and blasting casings and handle noxious chemicals, sometimes without proper safety equipment.

The U.S. company said in its report that it found 44 "core violations" last year, double the year earlier, though it didn't name specific suppliers. The measure tracks the most serious breaches of compliance such as child labor and intimidation of workers. Of the audits carried out last year, 197 were initial assessments where Apple visited facilities for the first time.

Core violations in 2017 included 38 cases of work hours being falsified, three bonded-labor situations and two cases of underage workers. The 14 and 15-year-old children were returned home, enrolled in schools of their choice and promised a job when they reach working age.

Apple's supply chain attracted global attention in 2010 after a series of suicides at plants run by its main assembler Foxconn Technology Group in China.