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Chandrayaan 3 Moon landing Highlights: India makes HISTORY! Becomes the 4th nation to land on Moon
Chandrayaan 3 Moon landing Highlights: India makes HISTORY! Becomes the 4th nation to land on Moon
Chandrayaan-3 highlights: India successfully landed on the Moon and has become the 4th nation to achieve this feat. PM Modi has congratulated the nation.
Chandrayaan-3 Moon Landing highlights: India’s Chandrayaan-3, which launched on July 14 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad in Sriharikota, has finally made a successful soft landing on the lunar surface. The Moon landing comes 4 years after the 2019 incident where the Chandrayaan-2 mission's Lander Module crashed after a thruster glitch. This time, ISRO reduced the number of thrusters from five to four and used artificial intelligence in the final phase of the descent. Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually attended the LM making touchdown and congratulated both ISRO and the nation for this historic achievement.
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NASA Administrator congratulates ISRO on successful Moon landing
The 14th NASA Administrator Bill Nelson tweeted, “Congratulations @isro on your successful Chandrayaan-3 lunar South Pole landing! And congratulations to #India on being the 4th country to successfully soft-land a spacecraft on the Moon. We're glad to be your partner on this mission”.
ESA Director General congratulates India
ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher tweeted, “Incredible! Congratulations to @isro, #Chandrayaan_3, and to all the people of India!! What a way to demonstrate new technologies AND achieve India's first soft landing on another celestial body. Well done, I am thoroughly impressed. And kudos once again to @esaoperations for your precious support through this process. We, too, are learning great lessons and providing crucial expertise. A strong international partner is a powerful partner”.
PM Modi tweets congratulatory message
Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted, “Chandrayaan-3's triumph mirrors the aspirations and capabilities of 140 crore Indians. To new horizons and beyond! Proud moment for India”.
ISRO tweets after the Moon landing
ISRO tweeted, celebrating India's successful soft landing on the Moon, 'India, I reached my destination and you too!' Chandrayaan-3 has successfully soft-landed on the moon! Congratulations, India!"
Kalpana Kalahasti highlights the struggle of starting Chandrayaan-3 after the previous mission's setback
The ISRO leadership who managed Chandrayaan-3 made clear the failure of their last moon landing attempt, in 2019, was a major driving force. “From the day we started rebuilding our spacecraft after the Chandaryaan-2 experience, it has been breathe in breathe out Chandrayaan-3 for our team,” said Kalpana Kalahasti, the mission's associate project director.
Union Minister Jitendra Singh shares congratulatory message
We have the ability to achieve success through cost-effective means…While the world fantasises about the moon, we have actually felt the moon...the world dreams of the moon, and we have seen the dream getting converted into reality…sky is not the limit", said Union Minister Jitendra Singh.
India first country to land on the south pole of the Moon
“We have become the first country to go near the South Pole of the Moon,” said P Veeramuthuvel, Project Director of Chandrayaan-3 Mission.
PM Modi congratulates the nation
"India's successful Moon mission is not just India's alone...This success belongs to all of humanity," said PM Modi.
Apart from becoming the 4th nation on the Moon, India has also become the first country to land on lunar south pole.
Chandrayaan-3 mission LANDS on the Moon
After a period of 40 days, the Chandrayaan-3 mission has successfully landed on the Moon.
Vertical Descent Phase begins
This is the final phase of Moon Landing.
What comes after Rough Break Phase?
Once the Lander Module has reached a height of 7.5 kilometers from the lunar surface, the rough breaking phase will end. After that a 10 second period of Altitude Hold Phase will come where the propulsion will be adjusted to fix the orientation of the Lander as well as to do necessary course corrections.
ALS has taken over the landing
ALS or Autonomous Landing Sequence is a program that will control the entire landing process on its own. As a result, there will be no human intervention needed. From propulsion to sensors, everything is being handled by it.
Rough Breaking Phase has started
During this phase, the velocity of the Lander Module will be brought down from 1680 m/s to 358m/s. The altitude of the module will go from 30km to 7.4km to the surface of the Moon. In total, this phase will continue for a duration of 690 seconds (11.5 minutes).
Power descent begins; Check details
It will take place in four different phases as explained below. ESA and NASA JPL are providing telemetry data for the Chandrayaan-3 mission. ISRO has revealed that there will be no human intervention in the last 15 minutes. Current data isbeing provided by Indian Deep Space Network 32 (IDSN).
Chandrayaan-3 mission to begin Autonomous Landing Sequence
The whole descent is divided into four parts:
1. Rough Breaking Phase
2. Altitude Hold Phase
3. Fine Breaking Phase
4. Local Navigation Phase
Lander Module's journey to the Moon
The Lander Module has completed a total of 21 revolutions around the Earth and 120 revolutions around the Moon so far," explained ISRO.
Singer Kailash Khel shares a message
He said, "It is a moment of pride for those who love India that Chandrayaan is going to land. Science and space are complicated subjects but I salute my fellow Indians as they are working hard for it and they are supported with today's leadership. I salute our Indian values, our Sanatan traditions and extend my best wishes to all the Indians that this auspicious occasion is here... This is a huge moment for everyone who loves India. India is about to create a record in a short while."
Watch the Chandrayaan-3 livestream here
The Chandrayaan-3 mission livestream can now be seen. Click here.
ISRO chief says he's prepared for contingency
If all sensors fail, if everything fails it will still make a landing provided the propulsion system works well. This is how it has been designed. Even if two of the engines do not work also this time the lander will be able to land. It has been designed in such a way that it should be able to handle multiple failures. If the algorithms work well we should be able to do a vertical landing," ISRO chairman S. Somnath said.
Son of ISRO founder Vikram Sarabhai shares a message
"It is a big day. It is a fantastic thing for anyone on the planet not just India to be able to send with this precision which we have been able to send Chandrayaan-3 and also through a process that is different from others. In science and engineering, we learn from mistakes...It will be a great thing for humanity because no one has been able to land on the south side of the moon," Kartikeya Sarabhai, son of ISRO founder Vikram Sarabhai told news agency ANI.
Elon Musk reacts to the cost of Chandrayaan-3 mission
The Chandrayaan-3 mission reportedly costs about $75 million, according to Reuters. This means it has spent less than some of thebig-budget Hollywood and Bollywood films. Reacting to an X post by Newsthink on the same, Elon Musk wrote, “Good for India!”
President of South Africa congratulates India on Chandrayaan-3
Speaking at the 15th BRICS Summit in Johannesburg, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa congratulated India on the Chandrayaan-3 mission, as it enters a crucial phase.
“I would like to congratulate India, particularly as you speak about the need for cooperation in Space, in a few hours India's spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 will be landing on the moon. We congratulate you. This for us, as the BRICS family, is a momentous occasion and we rejoice with you. We join you in the joy of this great achievement”, he said.
Chandrayaan-3: AI driving India’s historic landing on the Moon
India's Chandrayaan-3, which is set to make a historic landing on the lunar South Pole later today, is utilizing artificial intelligence in various aspects of its Moon mission. Read all about it here: Chandrayaan-3: AI driving India's historic landing on the Moon
ISRO invites educational institutions to participate in historic event
"All schools and educational institutes across the nation are invited to play an active role in this historic event. They are invited to actively publicise this event among students and faculty, and organise the live-streaming of Chandrayaan-3 soft-landing within the premises,” ISRO said in a statement.
Details about Vikram lander
The Chandrayaan-3 lander, named Vikram, will conduct its experiments on the lunar surface for a period of 14 days. To successfully achieve all its objectives, the lander is equipped with a suite of tech instruments such as Ka-Band Altimeter (KaRA), Laser Altimeter (LASA), Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV), Laser Inertial Referencing and Accelerometer Package (LIRAP), Lander Position Detection Camera (LPDC), Lander Hazard Detection and Avoidance Camera (LHDAC), Lander Horizontal Velocity Camera (LHVC), along with touchdown sensors, inclinometer, and micro star sensor.
ISRO's role in the last 17 minutes
ISRO's Chandrayaan-3 team will only be able to monitor its progress from the ISRO Telemetry, Tracking, and Command Network (ISTRAC) in Bengaluru, while AI will be at the helm of the Vikram lander. ISRO has already confirmed that the lander will be autonomously controlled by AI using machine learning that will operate its guidance, navigation, control, and other systems.
AI technology driving India's Chandrayaan-3
During the last stage of its landing, the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft will go through a window of “17 minutes of terror”, where it will carry out a series of maneuvers that are crucial for its landing. These include altitude adjustments, firing thrusters, and scanning the landing zone for any obstacles - all of which will be done with the help of artificial intelligence (AI).
ISRO's contingency plan in case of anomalies today
"If any health parameter (of the lander module) is found abnormal on August 23, then we will delay the landing by four days to August 27," ISRO's Space Applications Centre Director Nilesh Desai said.
This means there is a small possibility till 5:40 PM that the landing can be postponed till Sunday. However, the latest ISRO update highlights that things are going as per expectations.
Lunar touchdown looms as the nation watches
India is on the verge of a historic achievement as its third lunar mission, Chandrayaan-3, prepares for a soft and successful landing on the Moon's south polar region at approximately 6:04 pm today, August 23. In the event of adverse conditions, an ISRO scientist mentioned that the landing might be rescheduled to August 27. However, ISRO has expressed confidence that the lander will likely encounter no issues today. Report: India's Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Lunar touchdown looms as the nation watches
Chandrayaan-3's different approach for success
In a press conference, ISRO chairperson S. Somnath said, “Instead of a success-based design in Chandrayaan-2, we are doing a failure-based design in Chandrayaan-3 —we are looking at what can go wrong and how to deal with it,” as quoted by the Indian Express.
The report by Indian Express has also delved into the changes that ISRO has implemented to avoid a similar fate as the previous lunar mission. This time ISRO has expanded the landing area and has chosen a spot with a 4 km x 2.4 km area, instead of a 500 sq meters area like the last time. The larger area is supposed to give the Chandrayaan-3 team more leeway in planning the landing.
More fuel has been added to the lander this time. This is likely to help it stay afloat longer and find alternative landing spots if need be. Additionally, this will also enable the lander to abandon the landing attempt if something goes wrong and try again after stabilizing its thrusters.
The delicate nature of the moon landing
Landing on the moon is no easy feat. The conditions are so harsh that even the slightest calculation error in figuring out the right time and path can lead to a failed mission. For instance, the Chandrayaan-3 lunar mission has been scheduled for 1 lunar day. One lunar day is 14 Earth days and this particular duration has been chosen since the rover cannot handle the extreme change in temperature once the lunar night rolls around. So, to ensure the rover has the right conditions, it will have to land precisely at lunar dawn.
Other factors such as payload weight, angle of detachment for the lander, speed at touch-down, and many more are considered in order to ensure a successful mission.
What will Vikram Lander do after its landing?
After landing, the propulsion module will continue in its current orbit for months or even years. The Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) payload aboard the module will carry out a series of experiments, such as a spectroscopic study of the Earth's atmosphere, measurement of variations in polarization from the clouds on Earth, and collection of Exoplanet signatures that would qualify for our habitability.
What went wrong in the Chandrayaan-2 mission?
The Chandrayaan-2 mission began hitting all the right chords, but the problem arrived in the last phase of the mission when the lander and the rover were supposed to reach the lunar surface. On September 6, 2019, the lander deviated from its trajectory. According to reports, it was said to be a software glitch that increased the thrust on five of the engines on the lander and caused the crash.
Why is a soft landing on Moon such a challenging thing?
The Russian Luna-25 mission met an unfortunate end when the spacecraft crashed on the lunar surface. Chandrayaan-2 also suffered a similar fate. The question is, why is a soft landing on Moon so difficult?
Moon has a thin atmosphere and low pull of gravity. Both of these factors make it quite difficult to assess propulsion correctly to navigate to the surface. What makes it even more difficult is that the entire process is controlled remotely from the Earth while there is no conceivable way for the operators on Earth to correctly assess the situation.
ISRO: All set to initiate the Automatic Landing Sequence
ISRO has shared a new update detailing the process for Moon Landing. In a tweet, it said, “All set to initiate the Automatic Landing Sequence (ALS). Awaiting the arrival of Lander Module (LM) at the designated point, around 17:44 Hrs. IST. Upon receiving the ALS command, the LM activates the throttleable engines for powered descent. The mission operations team will keep confirming the sequential execution of commands. The live telecast of operations at MOX begins at 17:20 Hrs. IST”.
Haryana CM Manohar Lal Khattar on planned Moon landing
As per ANI, CM Khattar said, "This is a proud moment for every Indian...Our Chandryaan-3 is going to land on the moon. The entire country is waiting for this great moment with bated breath. The entire world has its eyes on this huge leap in Space by India. This will be not just ours but an achievement of the entire humanity. I pray for the success of this mission and congratulate ISRO and our scientists in advance. I also thank PM Narendra Modi who has encouraged and inspired scientists every moment..."
Ex-ISRO chief Madhavan Nair warns of a crucial maneuver ahead of Moon landing
Ahead of the scheduled attempt at Moon landing, ex-ISRO chief Madhavan Nair has highlighted the crucial and complex maneuver the space agency will have to make in order to ensure a successful touchdown. Speaking to PTI, he said, “It's a very complex maneuver. We narrowly missed it (in the Chandrayaan-2 mission) in the last two kms. So there are a host of things that have to work in unison: thrusters, sensors, altimeters, computer software, and all those things. Any glitch happening anywhere...we can be in trouble”.
What is Chandrayaan-3 doing differently this time?
Learning from the mistakes, in a press conference, ISRO chairperson S. Somnath said, “Instead of a success-based design in Chandrayaan-2, we are doing a failure-based design in Chandrayaan-3 —we are looking at what can go wrong and how to deal with it".
Goals of Chandrayaan-3 mission
Chandrayaan-3 has two main goals: First, to show that it can land safely and gently on the Moon, and second, to use a small rover for about 14 Earth days, which is equal to one lunar day. The rover is light, weighing only 26 kilograms. It will do scientific tests to learn about the Moon's origin, its rocks, and its composition, and analyze the environment.
Chandrayaan-3 lander established contact with Chandrayaan-2 orbiter
The Vikram Lander has established two-way communication with the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter. ISRO tweeted, “Welcome, buddy! Ch-2 orbiter formally welcomed Ch-3 LM. Two-way communication between the two is established. MOX has now more routes to reach the LM”.
Establishing the communication was important as the orbiter can be used to relay information to the Lander and the rover in case the communication system gets damaged.
PM Modi to watch the the Moon landing
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is currently in Johannesburg, South Africa, for the 15th BRICS summit. However, according to reports, he has cleared his schedule to virtually watch the Moon landing via live streams.
Chandrayaan-3 Moon Landing Live Stream details
You can start watching the live broadcast at 5:20 pm (IST) on Wednesday. You'll be able to see the landing action on the ISRO website, their YouTube channel, Facebook, and DD National TV starting at 5:27 pm (IST) on August 23.
Before the landing, you can also check out videos and photos sent by cameras on the LVM3-M4 and pictures taken by the Lander cameras.
Pragyan rover's journey after landing
The rover will get two weeks (one lunar cycle) to study the atmosphere of the Moon. The Pragyan rover is solar-powered and can only communicate with the Lander. Vikram Lander, on the other hand, can communicate with Earth directly and share all the data. As an emergency backup, the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter can also be used for communication.
What happens after the lunar landing
If the Chandrayaan-3 mission is able to successfully land on the Moon, the Vikram Lander will open up on one side, creating a ramp for the Pragyan rover. Pragyan rover, which has the tricolor and ISRO logo on it, will move out of the lander after a period of 4 hours. Moving at a speed of 1 cm per second, it will use its navigation cameras to scan the surface of the Moon. Its main objective is to collect data on the composition structure of the Moon's atmosphere. On the other hand, Vikram Lander will also be collecting data on near-surface plasma, density, thermal properties, seismicity, and structural composition of the Moon's crust and mantle.
Chandrayaan-3 components
The Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft has three components — a lander (Vikram), a rover (Pragyan), and a propulsion module. The lander and rover separated from the propulsion module on August 17 and commenced their descent toward the lunar surface. Meanwhile, the propulsion module will stay in orbit for months and years, and carry out its own series of experiments. Recently, the Lander Module (LM) of Chandrayaan-3 made contact with the orbiter or propulsion module of Chandrayaan-2, establishing two-way communication.
Chandrayaan-3 to land today
The Vikram Lander of the Chandrayaan-3 mission is expected to land on the south pole of the Moon at 6:04 PM IST, August 23. It will have a 17-minute-long descent from its pre-landing orbit that it currently is placed in. The command to begin its descent will be given from ISRO's Telemetry Tracking and Command Centre (ISTRAC) in Bengaluru at 5:47 PM.
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